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Compare Tokelau (2008) - Christmas Island (2002)
Compare Tokelau (2008) z Christmas Island (2002)
| Tokelau (2008) | Christmas Island (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of New Zealand) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 42%
15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% |
0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats; fish | NA |
| Airports | - | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total: 10 sq km
land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 135 sq km
land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. |
| Birth rate | NA | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues: $430,800
expenditures: $2.8 million (1987 est.) |
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Capital | none; each atoll has its own administrative center
time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
The Settlement |
| Climate | tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) | tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds |
| Coastline | 101 km | 80 km |
| Constitution | administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970 | NA |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tokelau |
conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island |
| Currency | - | Australian dollar (AUD) |
| Death rate | NA | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | - | $NA |
| Dependency status | self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelau and New Zealand have agreed to a draft constitution as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand; a UN sponsored referendum on self governance in October 2007 did not produce the two-thirds majority vote necessary for changing the political status | territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of New Zealand) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of New Zealand) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega) in its 2006 draft constitution | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $NA |
| Economy - overview | Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, slated to begin operation in 2003. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
| Environment - current issues | limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand | NA |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian | Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%
note: no indigenous population (2001) |
| Exchange rates | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007), 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003) | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); New Zealand is represented by Administrator David PAYTON (since 17 October 2006)
head of government: Pio TUIA (since 23 February 2008); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) cabinet: the Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau, consisting of three Faipule (village leaders) and three Pulenuku (village mayors), functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
| Exports | $0 | $NA |
| Exports - commodities | stamps, copra, handicrafts | phosphate |
| Exports - partners | New Zealand (2006) | Australia, NZ |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | the flag of New Zealand is used | the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 9 00 S, 172 00 W | 10 30 S, 105 40 E |
| Geography - note | consists of three atolls (Atafu, Fakaofo, Nukunonu), each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over 3 m above sea level | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean |
| Highways | - | total: 140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry)
paved: 30 km unpaved: 110 km (1999) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $969,200 c.i.f. (2002) | $NA |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, building materials, fuel | consumer goods |
| Imports - partners | New Zealand (2006) | principally Australia |
| Independence | none (territory of New Zealand) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA% |
| Industries | small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | NA% |
| International organization participation | PIF (observer), SPC, UNESCO (associate), UPU | none |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court |
| Labor force | 440 (2001) | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English | English (official), Chinese, Malay |
| Legal system | New Zealand and local statutes | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral General Fono (20 seats; based upon proportional representation from the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; Atafu has seven seats, Fakaofo has seven seats, Nukunonu has six seats); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono
elections: last held 17-19 January 2008 (next to be held in 2011) election results: independents 20 |
unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2002) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | NA | NA |
| Location | Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia |
| Map references | Oceania | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
contiguous zone: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| National holiday | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) | NA |
| Nationality | noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan |
noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island |
| Natural hazards | lies in Pacific typhoon belt | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
| Natural resources | NEGL | phosphate, beaches |
| Net migration rate | NA | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | none | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | none |
| Population | 1,449 (July 2007 est.) | 474 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | -0.018% (2007 est.) | -9% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | Flying Fish Cove |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (one radio station provides service to all islands) (2002) | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 1,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 24 km to serve phosphate mines |
| Religions | Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%
note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant |
Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997) |
| Sex ratio | NA | NA |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment: modern satellite-based communications system
domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations |
general assessment: service provided by the Australian network
domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 300 (2002) | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | - | NA |
| Terrain | low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | NA | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | NA% |
| Waterways | - | none |
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